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오성호 영어채널 : 네이버 카페
오성호 영어채널
cafe.naver.com
* Recess is about having fun
* The book is about love 주제, 핵심, 중요, 이유, 원인
# The brutal killing of Tyre Nichols by Memphis cops horrified and infuriated many Americans, not least because it was another in [what has been] an endless litany of Black men and boys killed by police officers in America: George Floyd, Eric Garner, Philando Castile, Tamir Rice, Michael Brown and literally thousands of names less well known. There is one confounding detail in Nichols’s death, however. The five policemen who mercilessly beat the life out of him were all Black.
* horrify 경악
* infuriate 분노
* not least because = especially because
* a litany of = a series of = a stiring of
a long, usually boring, list of things that someone talks or writes about
* comfounding 당황 = confusing = baffling = unexpected
to make someone feel surprised or confused, especially by not behaving in the way they expect
She confounded her critics by winning the race.
* beat the life out of him
* He beat [ the shit / the life out of ] me. 죽을 정도로 맞다
* He scared the life out of me. 간 떨어질 뻔 하다.
# Thus, to understand the full tragedy of Tyre Nichols, it is important to ask hard questions about the culture and behavior of police officers — including grappling with the fact that whatever role race played in Nichols’s death, it was more complicated than the racist-white-cop-kills-Black-man framework into which we typically sort such horrific episodes. One possibility that needs further exploration is the role that poverty plays in determining the victims of police killings — a characteristic that overlaps with, but is obviously distinct from, race.
* full 전체적으로
* tragedy 비극적인 사건
* hard questions = tricky questions
* grapple with = deal with = wrestle with + 문제 / 원하지 않는 것 => 처해 있다, 피할 수 없다, 정면 돌파
Deal with it. 받아들여라 (피하지 말아라) => come up with a solution
* fact : 객관적인 단어로, 근거가 있을 때 사용
* play a part 역할x => 한가지 요소(배역) = That's one of the reasons = contribute
* framework 사고방식
* typically = usually
* sort 종류별로 나누다 = classify
* determine = define
* overlap with ~와 겹치다
# Much of the conversation (= talk, discussion) about police violence in recent years has been through a lens focused on systemic racism, white cops and antiracism reform goals. But a man (or a woman) who is killed by a police officer merits our attention and response regardless of the race of either victim or killer. There has long been a theory afoot that hiring more Black cops would result in fewer shootings of Black civilians. But there is little evidence that this intuitive solution has any meaningful effect. (It’s worth noting here that there is substantially more readily available data regarding the race of victims of police violence than that of the perpetrators.)
* Much of ~ 대부분의 경우
* merit 장점 (<-> demerit) => 동사로 쓰면 deserve = is worthy of
The committee is voting on one or two initiatives that are worthy of attention.
Local councillors decided the plan was worthy of support.
* afoot 돌아다니는 것 = happening
Plans are afoot to build a new leisure complex.
Trouble was afoot.
* a theory = a claim (아직까지 입장이 되지 않은) 주장 (<= 이론), 일각의 주장(이렇게 주장하는 사람도 있다)
* intuitive 직관적인
* note = say, 언급, 강조
* readily = easily
* perpetrate = commit (나쁜 일을) 저지르다
# More than one study has suggested that the difference in likelihood between white and Black cops killing Black people is much smaller than one might suppose; expert observers on the subject regularly concur; and it is a commonplace in Black community discussions that one cannot necessarily expect any particular clemency from Black officers in tough situations. The Memphis Police Department is 58 percent Black and has a Black police chief; that did not prevent the horrific acts of violence perpetrated (=committed) on Nichols.
* mutiple studies = more than one study
* clemency 자비, 관용
* concur 일치하다
* He's been a regular (customer) at this place. 단골 => 자주 often times의 느낌이 있음
* He's regularly late. 툭하면 지각
* the horrific acts of violence = the horrific, violent acts
* of importance = important
# As Duane Loynes Sr., an assistant professor of urban and Africana studies at Rhodes College in Memphis, told The Los Angeles Times’s Jaweed Kaleem, “Here’s a dirty little secret: Studies indicate that Black officers are just as brutal and at times even more brutal against Black bodies [as their white counterparts].” The point is not that we don’t have a grievous problem, but rather that the problem is not exclusively racist white cops. It’s cops, period. (An important note: When it comes to nonlethal mistreatment, as opposed to police shootings, studies demonstrate the existence of outright racial bias. This is very much a problem, but a very different problem from police killings.)
* at times = sometimes
* , period : 토 달질마
* exclusively = only
* when it comes to : 다른 건 모르겠지만, 이건
* as opposed to = instead of
* outright 노골적인, 까놓고
# The way we are trained (= brainwashed / learned) to view the situation is understandable, but outdated. As recently as the 1970s and 1980s, cops killed people — Black and white alike — at much higher rates in major cities than they do now, as the criminologist Peter Moskos has shown. I grew up in the Philadelphia of that era, where Mayor Frank Rizzo openly condoned cops’ brutality against Black people. By morbid coincidence, I saw the gruesome videotaped beating of Nichols shortly after I rewatched Melvin Van Peebles’ pioneering 1971 film “Sweet Sweetback’s Baadasssss Song.” In the movie, Van Peebles plays a Black man on the run from racist white cops whose shameless, bloodletting brutality roughly corresponded to what some Black people of the period actually experienced. A lot of time has passed since then, but the way we discuss police brutality against Black people today can sometimes make it sound as if (=like) there is no difference between the situation Van Peebles depicted — of marauding, openly racist cops — and the one we face today.
* outdated = old-fashioned
* As recently as the 1970s and 1980s => 그렇게 옛날로 갈 것도 없이, 불과
* condone 눈 감아주다
* morbid 병적인 = pathological => 끔찍한
* pathological liar 허언증 환자
* gruesome 잔혹하고 소름돋는 = horrible
* on the run 도피중
* shameless 부끄러움을 모르는
* bloodshed 많은 피를 흘리다
* bloodletting
* correspond to ~ 와 비슷하다.
to be the same as something else, or very much like it
If their statements correspond, we’ll have no trouble.
* marauding 먹잇감을 찾아 돌아다니는
# Yet white Americans are also killed by police officers in appalling numbers — many more, overall, than Black Americans, owing to the fact that the latter make up only about 14 percent of the U.S. population. In 2022, The Washington Post’s database on cop killings documented that of 755 victims whose race was known, 225 were Black and 389 were white.
* lethal : very dangerous and able to kill you
* casual (무심코, 별 생각 없이) <-> serious (생각을 깊게 하는 것)
* narrative = story 이야기, 상황, 주장
* That's your story. 그건 니 주장이고
* fit into 들어맞다
* so neatly ~ (as (백인이 흑인을 죽이는 것))
# So we largely missed the story that in 2015 in Para dise, Calif., the white officer Patrick Feaster shot the white Andrew Thomas as he was getting out of the S.U.V. he had crashed during a pursuit, even as Thomas’s wife
lay gravely injured on the ground at the scene. The parallel with what happened to Nicho ls is ghastly.
* largely : 다수가
* gravely injured 심각한 부상으로
* parallel with = similarity to
* ghastly : 소름끼치다
shocking in a way that frightens or upsets you
She had a ghastly expression on her face.
# A common response here is to note that nevertheless, police officers kill unarmed Black people at more than three times the rate they kill unarmed white people, and that this disproportionate rate of Black killings demonstrates that racism affects whether cops kill. But this assumption seems oversimplified. One reason is that poverty also helps
determine whether, and in what way, with what results, one encounters the cops.
* note : say, 관심, that절이 중요하다
* assumption 추정하다, 생각하다, 단정, 성급한 (*그렇게 단정하지마)
* helps determine ~ 그 중에 하나
* determine 100% 결정
* help 동사 = make it easier, one of the reasons
# The police are called to, as well as directed to, poorer neighborhoods more often than to middle class or affluent ones. Poverty can nudge a person into criminal activities including intrinsically violent ones, such
as the illegal drug trade that are far more likely to lead to dangerous encounters with cops. It is also not an accident that so many of these gruesome killings by cops happen when someone flees after being stopped because he already has an outstanding warrant. Such warrants are frequently outstanding as a result of poverty.
* (the) police 복수로 받음 => are
* as well as ~ : 이건 당연하고
* nudge : 팔꿈치로 꾹꾹 찌르다 = push / 대놓고는 아니고, indirectly 확률이 높다는 느낌
* intrinsically
relating to the essential qualities or features of something or someone
Providing good service is intrinsic to a successful business.
* arrest = stop
cardiac arrest 심장 마비 /심정지
* outstanding 해결이 안 된, 미납, 메제
* warrnt 영장
# And in a striking parallel, unarmed Black people are not only more than three times as likely to be killed by a cop but also more than twice as likely to be poor. In 2021, the poverty rate for white Americans was 8.1 percent, while for Black Americans it was 19.5 percent.
* striking : 뜻밖에, 놀라움
* parallel = similarity
# We could propose that the match between these statistics bears no relevance to the issue of police violence and racism and dismiss them as a coincidence. But this would be willfully resistant to examining the significance of patterns in a way that no one would even venture in drawing parallels between, for example, poverty rates and obesity.
* propose : 제안, 이건 어떻습니까?
* could : can의 과거, 약한 표현(~도 있다)
* I guesss I could come 갈 수도 있어 (가능성이 떨어짐)
* no relevance 연관성이 없다
* dismiss
to refuse to accept that something might be true or important
We should not dismiss these ideas just because they are unfamiliar.
* The theory cannot be dismissed out of hand.
* in a way: 어떤 면에서
* venture 과감히 ~ 하려고 하다
to do something that is a risk
# Police killings of unarmed or unthreatening American citizens are a national disgrace, and one that requires action. But action requires comprehension, and the simplest explanation “racist white cops kill Black people” is clearly often not the correct one.
# My stepson is getting married this year. His father and I embrace our future daughter-in-law and looked forward to meeting her family. I began corresponding with her mother and expressed our interest in flying out to meet them. My stepson discouraged this(*앞문장 / it은 앞의 특정 단어를 받음); he said they would be visiting our area soon. But we weren’t introduced to them when they came. Later, I received a call from his fiancée’s mother, who clearly mistook me for my husband’s ex-wife. She said she loved meeting me and referred to “the new wife” – me! – as “not blood.” At Thanksgiving, my stepson and his mother flew to visit his fiancée’s family and made lots of wedding plans, including for a rehearsal dinner for which we will pay half. How can we get past all these hurtful exclusions, some affecting our pocketbook? (I note: My husband’s relationship with his ex-wife is frosty.)
*stepson : 양아들
* is getting married : 현재진행형이 "확정된 미래"를 뜻하기도 함 (*청첩장 다 나온 분위기)
* I am going to get married : 결혼할 생각이 없다가 결혼할 생각으로 바뀐 뉘앙스로 들릴 수도 있음
* embrace = welcome
* correspond with sb : 옛날에는 "편지" => 지금은 "연락"
* express 표현 => 입 밖에 내다
* discourage : 용기를 빼앗아 버리다 => 그렇게 하지 말라고 권유
to try to prevent something from happening, especially because you do not approve of it or think it is harmful
We hope the bad weather won’t discourage people from coming along.
* My stepson discouraged this = us from flying out
* take A for B = mistake A for B : A를 B로 착각하다
* including 포함 => ~ 중에
* get past : 기본적으로 추월한다 => 문제를 안 보고 지나가는 <-> get over 극복 /=> (회)피하다 get around
* hurtful 마음 아프게
* exclusion
a situation in which someone is deliberately prevented from being involved in an activity or from entering a place
He was really irritated at his exclusion from the conference.
* pocketbook 지갑
* Please note that ~ : that절 잊지 마세요 = I note
# A: I totally understand your bruised feelings. That phone call on which you were mistaken for your husband’s ex-wife sounds awful! I suspect the explanation lies largely in that “frosty” relationship between your husband and his former wife. Visits seem to have been (이미) organized to keep them apart and to prioritize your stepson’s mother. (I get that: I happen to be a mama’s boy myself.) Now, your stepson certainly could have handled introductions more deftly. But ceremonial occasions — like “meet the parents” — can be tough for children of divorce if their parents are antagonistic. So, unless I am misreading this situation, try to forgive your stepson and take the long view: Life won’t end at the wedding! Getting to know your stepson’s in-laws may simply take longer than you expected
* awful 끔찍한
* She is kind (단정) / looks(seems) kind 외모를 보니 / sounds kind 목소리를 들어보니
* suspect = think ~ 가 아닐까 생각
<-> doubt = don't think ~ 가 아니라고 생각
* explanation 설명 X = reason = justification : 이유
* explain why가 나와야 함
* organized = arranged
* happen to 우연히, 공교롭게도
* Now, 그런데
* deft = skillful = smooth 능숙하게
* occasions= events
* ceremonial 의식의 X = 세러모니 같은, 공식적인 행사 같은
* antagonistic = hostile <-> friendly
disliking someone or something very much and behaving in a very unfriendly way towards them
# As for splitting the costs of the rehearsal dinner — which I assume was acceptable until you were treated unkindly — I would stick with that plan. If my assumption is wrong or if the price exceeds your budget, speak up. But don’t make a fuss on principle. Letting the small stuff slide in favor of building better relationships is often a wise strategy. I hope it works for you and your husband.
* split 50:50 / divide는 분담비율을 모름
* assume = think / 아닐 수도 있다
* be treated unkindly / unfairly
* I would = If I were you 내가 너라면
* speak up = speak out 크게 말하다
* outspoken 솔직한 => 꺼리낌이 없는
* make a fuss on ~ 에 대해 불편하지 말아라
* Let it slide = Forget about it 개의치 말아라
* in favor of ~를 선호하다 => 이쪽이 더 좋아
* 현명한 전략
* wise (상황에) 적절한
* method, way, approach
# Q: My wife is an admitted neat freak. Our children and I try our best to keep things tidy to her standards, but inevitably we fall short. She reacts by saying: “Why doesn’t anyone care?” But we absolutely care! And her
remarks are hurtful as she rarely acknowledges a job well done. How can I help her understand how hard we’re all trying and how upsetting her statement is?
* a freak : strange = unusual 평범하지는 않다 / 덕후
* a movie freak 광팬
* a control freak 통제에 집착하는 사람
* a neat freat 깔끔왕
* admitted 본인도 인정하는
* I've done my best, but
* I am committed to ~ 최선을 다하다
* inevitably = always
* fall short (of her standards = expectations)
* short 부족한
* fall ~ 가 되다 // fall sleep
* fall short 부족한 상태가 되다
* Why doesn’t anyone care? = 왜 아무도 신경 쓰지 않는 거야?
* remarks 말 = words = what she says
* state = announce = declare 공개적으로, 공식적으로 , 모두 들으라는 듯
* help 동사 : make it easier, one of the reasons
* help her understand = make it easier for her to understand
* upset 뒤집다 / 잘못 먹어서 속이 뒤집어지는 것 / 감정적으로 뒤집어지는 것(심난)
* upsetting = offending = disturbing
# A: I’m glad you wrote. This problem seems potentially serious to me. A mother (or spouse) who only knocks family members down, and rarely lifts them up, can really clobber their self-esteem. I interpret the meaning of “Why doesn’t anyone care?” as a shorthand for “Why doesn’t anyone care about me?” — a harsh rebuke by a mother to her child.
Have a serious conversation with your wife, alone, (*콤마로 강조 = 꼭 단 둘이서) about her expectations and her hurtful behavior. If she refuses (거부 => 한사코, 완강히) to work on this (alone or with a counselor), you need to explore ways to protect your children’s emotional well-being.
* to me = as far as I am concerned 내가 보기에는요
* potentially = possibly
* only = not
* lift their spirits = make them happy
* bring down 실망, 기분우울하게
* self-esteem 자존감, 자긍심
* clobber 세게 때리다 = destroy
* a shorthand 속기 : 기호로써 표시 = 이것의 다른 표현
* care 신경쓰다, 상관하다
* caring 배려
* We Care 함께 사는 세상 (서로가 서로를 배려)
* harsh 가혹한
* rebuke 꾸중
* work on 노력, 연구 = deal with
* explore 탐험X => examine investigate check /// + in detail 파고들다, 제대로
* well-being = happiness
* welfare 복지 = 정부지원
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