1. 본 포스팅은 영어기사를 제대로 들어다보는 시간입니다.
2. 본 포스팅의 출처는 "오성호" 선생님의 Live Class 강의를 기반으로 했음을 밝혀 드립니다.
오성호 영어채널 : 네이버 카페
오성호 영어채널
cafe.naver.com
* layoff (정리)해고 vs fire : 직원이 잘못해서 자르는 것
* Tech => IT 업계
* so : 언제나 비교의 대상이 있음
# When Lyft laid off 13 percent of its workers in November, Kelly Chang was shocked to find herself among the 700 people who lost their jobs at the San Francisco company. “It seemed like tech companies had so much opportunity,” said Ms. Chang, 26. “If you got a job, you made it. It was a sustainable path.” Brian Pulliam, on the other hand, brushed off the news that the crypto exchange Coinbase was eliminating his job. Ever since the 48-year-old engineer was laid off from his first job at the video game company Atari in 2003, he said, he has asked himself once a year: “If I were laid off, what would I do?”
* Uber = a ride-hailing service
* Give me a ride / a lift. 차 태워줘
* find oneself 예상 외 = 내가 그렇더라...
* San Francisco-based company 샌프란시스코에 본사를 둔 회사
* if절에 과거동사가 왔을 때: 과거얘기면 추측, 과거얘기가 아니면 가정법
* He had so much money 앞에 얼마나 많은지 나왔어야 함
* He had so much money (that) he could buy three housed at a time.
* It seemed like tech companies had so much opportunity (that) if you got a job, you made it. It was a sustainable path(caree).
* If I had some money, (내가 돈이 있다면? 있었다면?)
* If I had some money now (가정법, 내가 지금 돈이 없음)
* brush off / aside 별거 아닌 것으로 무시 = dismiss
* be ~ing : ~하고 있는 중, 확정된 미래
* be eliminating his job = is set to elimianate ~ 자를 예정
* If I were laid off, what would I do? 가정법 (현실과 반대, 내가 설마 잘리겠어?)
* If I am laid off 와 뜻이 다름 => 내가 잘릴지, 안 잘릴지 모르는 상태에서의 추측)
# The contrast between Ms. Chang’s and Mr. Pulliam’s reactions to their professional letdowns speaks to a generational divide that is becoming more clear as the tech industry, which expanded rapidly through the pandemic, swings toward mass layoffs. Microsoft said this week that it planned to cut 10,000 jobs, or roughly 5 percent of its work force. And on Friday morning, Google’s parent company, Alphabet, said it planned to cut 12,000 jobs, or about 6 percent of its total. Their cuts followed big layoffs at other tech companies like Meta, Amazon and Salesforce.
* profession 직업
* You let me down 실망시키다
* speak to = show 보여주다
* a generational divide / gap
* digital divide 디지털 격차
* expand = grow 성장/ 확장/ 확대 (양적 규모)
* growth-oriented 성장지향
* profit-oriented 이익지향
* swings / moves toward mass layoffs.
* the workforce = the labor force = workers = employees = staff
* follow = come after
* their cuts followed (came after) big layoffs 이번 감원이 있기 전에!
# Millennials and Generation Z, born between 1981 and 2012, started tech careers during a decade-long expansion when jobs multiplied as fast as iPhone sales. The companies they joined were conquering the world and defying economic rules. And when they went to work at outfits that offered bus rides to the office and amenities like free food and laundry, they weren’t just taking on a new job — (but also) they were taking on a lifestyle. Few of them had experienced widespread layoffs.
* started their careers 사회생활을 시작하다
* expansion = growth
* outfit(s) 기업, 기업 내 사업부(unit(s))
* go to work 출근하다
* amenities = 편의시설
* necessities / essentials 필수용품(들)
* widespread 광범위
* take on a new job
* take on 받아서 내 몸에 붙이는 것 => 책임, 역할을 떠맡다 / 내 걸로 만들다
* Take on me! 나를 가져가라 (니 맘대로 해)
* take on 상대팀
# Baby boomers and members of Generation X, born between 1946 and 1980, on the other hand, lived through the biggest contraction the industry has ever seen. The dot-com crash of the early 2000s eliminated more than one million jobs, emptying Silicon Valley’s Highway 101 of (제거) commuters as many companies folded overnight. “It was a blood bath, and it went on for years,” said Jason DeMorrow, a software engineer who was laid off twice in 18 months and was out of work for more than six months. “As concerning as the current downturn is, and as much as I empathize with the people impacted, there’s no comparison."
* through 경험의 느낌
* I've been through a lot 산전수전 다 겪었어
* live through = survive
* contract 수축 / 쪼그라드는 것 /마이너스 성장
* I am => I'm : contracted form
* crash = collapse 붕괴
* strip A of B
* overnight 하루아침에
* massacre = a blood bath 대학살
* (As) Young as he is, he is wise = Though he is young, ~~
* concerning = worrying 걱정하게 만드는
* 공담, 배려 kind ======================================== empathetic
* impacted / affected
* There's no smoking in here.
# Tech’s generational divide is representative of a broader phenomenon. The year someone is born has a big influence on views about work and money. Early personal experiences strongly determine a person’s appetite for financial risk, according to a 2011 study by the economists Ulrike Malmendier of the University of California, Berkeley, and Stefan Nagel of the University of Chicago. The study, which analyzed the Federal Reserve’s Survey of Consumer Finances from 1960 to 2007, found that people who came of age in the 1970s, when the stock market stagnated, were reluctant to invest in the early 1980s, when it roared. That trend reversed in the 1990s. “Once you experience your first crash, things change,” Professor Nagel said. “You realize bad stuff happens and maybe you should be a bit more cautious."
* cricitize = be critical of (of는 목적격임)
* hope = be hopeful of
* is representative of = represent
* A represent B : A=B (둘은 같다)
* appetite = taste / preference
* found 결론 (findings)
* came of age 성인이 되다
* stagnate 정체
* roar 포효, 자동차 - 굉음 / 고속 / 활활
* crash / collapse / meltdown 폭락
* things 상황 the situation / the picture
* realize 모르는 것을 알게 되는 것
* Things (Stuff) happen(s). = Shit happens. 살다보면 별일이 다 생겨
# For Gen X, the dot-com collapse hit early in careers. From 2001 to 2005, the tech sector shed a quarter of its workers, according to an analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics data by CompTIA, a technology education and research organization.
The layoffs that swept the industry were worse than the recession of the early 1990s, when total jobs in the tech sector fell by 5 percent, and the global financial crisis in 2008, when the work force contracted by 6 percent. In 2011, the tech sector began a hiring boom that would last a decade. It added an average of more than 100,000 jobs annually, and by 2021, it had recouped all the jobs it lost when the dot-com bubble burst.
* the work force = workers in general
* would = was going to
* recoup 원상복구 = get back
* 거품이 꺼졌다 : bubble - burst 터지다 / boom - bust 깨지다
# The job figures account for software, hardware, tech services and telecommunications companies, including Apple, Meta, Nvidia and Salesforce. But they may exclude some tech-related companies, such as Airbnb, Lyft and Uber, because of ambiguity in government labor market reporting that classifies some businesses as consumer services, said Tim Herbert, chief research officer at CompTIA. The biggest job increases in tech came after the pandemic started, as companies rushed to fulfill surging demand. In 2022, the sector added nearly 260,000 jobs, according to CompTIA, the most it had added in a single year since 2000.
* 수치, 통계, 자료 : numbers, stats, figures, data
* account for 설명하다, 해당하다, (전체에서 얼마를) 차지하다
* SK텔레콤 같은 통신 회사 : telecommunications 꼭 s가 붙음
* a platform 자리만 깔아주는 것 (카카오택시)
* report 보도 하다 => 알리다, 신고하다, "발표"하다
* come after = follow
* fulfill = satisfy = meet
* rush > hurry
# Tech’s job increases continued last year even as big layoffs started, though it is unclear if that trend has stretched into this year. New job opportunities were a factor as nearly 80 percent of laid-off tech workers said they had found a new job within three months, according to a survey by ZipRecruiter. “We’re seeing the hiring mania of the pandemic being corrected for — not the popping of a bubble,” said Andy Challenger, senior vice president of the career transition firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas.
* mania 광풍, 열풍 = craze
* correction 조정 (소폭) 10% 이내
* burst 터지다 = pop
# Last fall, David Hayden, a program manager with a doctorate in physics, learned from his manager that he would be let go from nLight, a semiconductor company. Worried about how he would pay his eldest daughter’s college tuition, he immediately reached out to recruiters to line up interviews. In December, a month after being let go, he started a position at Lattice Semiconductor.
In each interview, Mr. Hayden, 56, volunteered that he had been laid off, he said. His experience during the dot-com crash, when he avoided layoffs even as talented colleagues were let go, taught him that cuts aren’t always rational. “The shame of being laid off is gone,” Mr. Hayden said. “Companies know that a lot of good people are being let go right now.”
* learn 배우다 X => 알게 되다
* doctorate
the highest qualification given by a university
He was awarded a doctorate in mathematics.
* would = was going to
* be let go = be laid off
* 헤드헌터 recruiter(s)
* reach 손을 내밀다(뻗다) => 선반에 닿는다
* reach out 도움을 손길을 내밀다 = 도움을 청하다, 도움을 주겠다
* line up / arrange interviews
* volunteer : 부타갛지도 않았는데 먼저 (말)했다.
* right now : 지금 현재 / currently, in the present
* now : 지금 X > 그러나
* rational / sensible / logical / reasonable = make sense 이해 - 고개 끄덕거리는 - 수긍
based on sensible practical reasons rather than emotions
There didn’t seem to be any rational explanation for his actions.
Your choice was perfectly rational under the circumstances.
* good people 좋은X > 능력자
* He is good 착하다X > 능력자
* He is good at sth 능력자
* He is nice 착한
* He's a good person 좋은 or 능력있는
* The car is fine. 탈만하다
* It was a fine car. 뒤에 명사가 오면 excellent의 느낌으로 변함.
# For Mr. Pulliam, losing his job at Coinbase was an opportunity. He funneled his severance money into his own business, Refactor Coaching, a career coaching service for software engineers. “This is a gift,” Mr. Pulliam said. “I don’t think that story is told. It’s always doom and gloom.” But for tech workers experiencing their first economic downturn, the cuts have been eye-opening. Ms. Chang studied product design in college with an eye toward joining a tech industry that seemed recession-proof. Being laid off from Lyft shook that faith.
* funnel 깔때기 = send, move 투자할 때 자주 사용함 (투자할 때 어디로 보낼 때)
* sever = cut
to cut through a part of something so that it is separated completely from the main part, or to be separated completely in this way
He accidentally severed his finger with a saw.
* gift : 축복
* doom and gloom = pessimism -ism은 형용사로 해석하는 게 좋음 = bad news
* doom 파국의 끝장
* eye-opening = surprising 눈을 휘둥그레 떠지는 / enlightening 모르는 걸 새로 알게 해 주는 것
* eye-opening < eye-popping 깜짝 놀라는
* credit < sense < hand, eye
* with an eye toward = with the intention of
* water-proof = immune to water
# Erin Sumner, a software recruiter at Facebook’s parent company, Meta, used to brag to potential hires that the company had been the fastest ever to be valued at $1 trillion. She said she would promote the company’s strengths, even last year as its stock price tumbled and its core business, digital advertising, struggled.
When rumors of layoffs began to circulate last year, she assured colleagues that their jobs were safe, pointing to the more than $40 billion in cash the company had in the bank. But in November, she was among 11,000 workers laid off.
* used to ~ 하곤 했었다. (지금은 아니다)
* potential = possible 가능성 (그럴 수도 있다) < probable
* promote 홍보, 좋게 얘기하다
* would ~ 하곤 했었다
* point to = mention
# “It was gut-wrenching,” Ms. Sumner, 32, said. She has found a new job as the head recruiter for DeleteMe, a start-up that aims to remove a customer’s information from search results. But she said she cringed each time she read about more tech layoffs. “I fear it’s going to get worse before it gets better,” Ms. Sumner said. “There’s no guarantee. I got laid off by the most secure company in the world.” A similar reversal of fortune has challenged businesses selling software services. Shares of Salesforce, an industry leader, fell nearly 50 percent last year as its sales growth slowed. The company had splurged during the pandemic, spending $28 billion to buy Slack Technologies. It swelled to 80,000 employees from 49,000 in two years.
* gut : 창자
* wrenching : 비트는 것
to pull or twist something or someone suddenly and violently
He wrenched the phone out of her hands.
* cringe : 움찔, 뒤로 물러나다.
to move back slightly from something that is unpleasant or frightening
* I fear = I think 우려된다.
* secure company 안정적인 직장
a secure situation or job is safe and reliable
He believed in putting his money into conservative but secure investments.
* fortune = luck
* a fortune = a lot of money
He made a fortune
* fortunes = good luck & bad luck = 삶
* 점쟁이 a fortune teller
* splurge 돈을 펑펑 쓰다
* swell 혹이 부어오르다
# During an all-hands meeting last week to discuss the company’s decision to lay off 10 percent of its workers, Marc Benioff, the chief executive, tried to sympathize with his unhappy staff by putting the cuts in context. “I’ve been through a lot of difficult times in this company. Every loss reawakens another loss for me,” he said, according to a recording of the call heard by The New York Times. “Obviously, we’re talking about a layoff. I think about employees who have died. I think about people we’ve lost that we never wanted to lose."
* all hands on deck 전원 간판으로 모여라 => 전원 집합
* an all-hands meeting 전직원을 대상으로 하는 미팅
* He was trying to ~
I tried to help him... but
* sympathize with = empathize with
* unhappy 불행X => 불만
# Asked what advice he had for employees who were anxious about the state of the company and further layoffs, Mr. Benioff suggested “gratitude."
Austin Bedford learned that he was one of about 8,000 people being let go from Salesforce when he tried to log on to his computer and had no access to Slack, the tool that he worked on as a conversation designer. A native of East Palo Alto, Calif., he studied computer design because he hoped to join one of the profitable companies in his backyard. The job he landed at the company in 2021 fulfilled a dream. He never imagined he would lose it so soon. “I was shocked,” said Mr. Bedford, 41.
* (being) asked 분사구문
* learned that = found that
* work on ~ 개발, 연구, 작업, 노력
I'm working on it. 아직도 노력 중이다
* in his backyard = in his neighborhood 자신의 동네
* land 착륙하다
* I got a job. 취직
* I (finally) landed a job. 내가 가고자 하는 직장에 취업
* he would lose it so soon = he was going to lose it so soon.
# Though disappointed that he was laid off, he said he was trying to view being out of work as a “blessing in disguise” and intended to be selective about his next job. “There’s something bright around the corner,” Mr. Bedford said. “I just need to have faith."
* being out of work = being jobless = being unemployeed
* selective = picky 까탈스러운
* around the corner : 곧 (코너만 돌면)